Yayin da muka shiga 2025, masana'antar cannabis ta Amurka ta tsaya a kan mararraba. Masana'antar ta yi nisa tun farkon gwamnatin Trump ta farko, wacce ta fara da nada abokin hamayyar tabar wiwi Jeff Sessions a matsayin babban lauya.
Duk da kusan yarda da tabar wiwi na likitanci da karuwar karɓar cannabis na nishaɗi a matakin jiha, ba da izinin tarayya ba tukuna. Don haka, yana da ma'ana don yin nazari sosai kan abin da masana'antar cannabis za ta iya tsammanin a cikin shekaru masu zuwa.
Reclassification na tarayya na cannabis
Ɗaya daga cikin abubuwan da ake tsammani a cikin 2025 shine yiwuwar sake fasalin cannabis daga Jadawalin I na Dokar Kayayyakin Abubuwan Sarrafa (CSA) zuwa Jadawalin ƙarancin ƙuntatawa na III. A cikin Afrilu 2024, bisa ga umarnin Shugaba Biden, Hukumar Kula da Magungunan Magunguna (DEA) ta ba da sanarwar cewa za ta fara aiwatar da tsari na yau da kullun don sake rarraba cannabis a matsayin Jadawali na III, daidai da shawarar da Ma'aikatar Lafiya da Ayyukan Jama'a ta gabata (HHS) ).
Idan an yi nasara, sake rarrabawa zai ba da babbar haɓaka ga masana'antar, rage ƙuntatawa na tarayya da keɓance kasuwancin cannabis na doka daga Sashe na Harajin Cikin Gida na Sashe na 280E. Wannan sashe ya hana kasuwanci cire kuɗin da ke da alaƙa da mu'amala a cikin Jadawalin I ko Jigila II abubuwa.
Kamar yadda aka yi tsammani, ba a kammala tsarin ka'ida ba har zuwa ƙarshen shekara kuma yana ci gaba da gudana. DEA ta gudanar da zaman taron jama'a na farko a ranar 2 ga Disamba, 2024, amma alkalin shari'ar gudanarwa bai ji shaida game da dokar da aka gabatar ba yayin sauraron karar. An shirya waɗannan shaidun don sauraren karar daga ranar 21 ga Janairu zuwa 6 ga Maris, 2025.
Yayin da tsarin mulki na yau da kullun na iya zama tsari mai tsawo, idan aka ba da ƙarshen tsararru a ranar 6 ga Maris, 2025, yana yiwuwa DEA na iya buga ƙa'ida ta ƙarshe a cikin rabin na biyu na 2025.
Matsayin Trump akan Halaccin Cannabis
Yayin da Trump ya nunar da cewa yana goyon bayan ‘yancin da jihohi ke da shi na tabbatar da doka, kuma akwai fatan zai ci gaba da wannan manufa, gwamnatinsa ba ta dauki wani matsayi a hukumance kan batun ba. Bugu da ƙari, ba a ambaci gyaran cannabis musamman a cikin Project 2025 ba, yana nuna ba babban fifiko ba ne.
Bugu da ƙari, mutane da yawa a cikin gwamnatin Trump sun yi magana game da halaccin doka. Misali, Lauyan Janar Pam Bondi ya yi adawa da halasta tabar wiwi lokacin da ta kasance babban lauyan Florida. Shugabar FDA na Trump, Marty Makary, ta kira cannabis a matsayin "maganin ƙofa" kuma ya ba da shawarar cewa yana iya haifar da matsalolin fahimta. Dukkan nadin na biyu na iya taka muhimmiyar rawa a manufofin cannabis na tarayya a karkashin Trump.
Ajandar Majalisun Majalissar Dokoki da Gyaran Tarayya
Tare da 'yan Republican ke iko da dukkanin sassan gwamnati guda uku, masana'antar cannabis na iya ganin canji a cikin ƙoƙarin sake fasalin tarayya a cikin shekara mai zuwa. Yayin da masu fafutuka ke fatan sake fasalin zai yiwu a karkashin gwamnatin tarayya karkashin jam'iyyar Republican, da alama za su kasance a hankali kuma a mai da hankali kan kare lafiyar jama'a da 'yancin jihohi.
Duk da wannan rashin tabbas, ana sa ran 'yan majalisar biyu na bangarorin siyasa za su ci gaba da gabatar da kudirin doka da ka iya yin tasiri ga masana'antar. Gyaran cannabis na ɗaya daga cikin ƴan batutuwan da ke samun karbuwa a cikin 'yan shekarun nan, tare da ƙara nuna sha'awar kawo ƙarshen haramcin tarayya.
Wasu kudirorin da ake sa ran za su sami goyon baya a zaman majalisa mai zuwa sun hada da:
- Dokar banki mai aminci da aminci (Dokar Bankin SAFER), wanda zai ba kamfanonin cannabis damar samun sabis na kuɗi.
- Dokar sake fasalin Jihohi, wacce za ta cire tabar wiwi daga CSA, sanya harajin kuɗaɗe, sakin masu laifin cannabis marasa tashin hankali, da kuma kiyaye manufofin halatta jihar.
- Ƙarfafa Kwaskwari na Goma Ta Hanyar Amincewa Jihohi 2.0 Dokar (Dokar 2.0), wanda zai gyara CSA don kada ya shafi cannabis bisa doka da aka samar da sayarwa a ƙarƙashin dokokin jiha.
Amincewa da ɗayan waɗannan dokokin zai zama babban ci gaba ga ɓangaren. Dokokin da ke kiyaye tsarin gudanarwa na jihohi na iya zama da fa'ida musamman idan aka yi la'akari da yawan jihohin da suka halatta tabar wiwi. A halin yanzu, jihohi 24, yankuna biyu, da Gundumar Columbia sun halatta cannabis na nishaɗi, yayin da cannabis na likita ya halatta a cikin jihohi 40. Ana sa ran ƙarin jihohi za su halatta tabar wiwi nan da 2025.
Manyan kararraki a 2025
Akwai kararraki da yawa don kallo a cikin 2025. Musamman, akwai ƙararrakin da ke jiran a cikin Sashe na Biyu, na huɗu da na Tara waɗanda ke ƙalubalantar shirye-shiryen ba da lasisin cannabis na jihohi da na gida dangane da koyarwar Dormant Commerce Clause (DCC), wacce ke hana jihohi ɗaukar manufofin da ke hana kasuwanci tsakanin jihohi.
Masu gabatar da kara a cikin waɗannan shari'o'in sun yi zargin cewa lasisin cannabis a New York, Maryland da Washington ba bisa ka'ida ba sun fifita kasuwancin gida fiye da kasuwancin wasu jihohi, suna keta DCC. Duk da haka, kotunan tarayya a wadannan jihohin sun yi watsi da hujjojin masu shigar da kara, suna masu cewa haramtacciyar tabar wiwi a karkashin dokar tarayya na nufin DCC ba ta aiki.
Wani abu da za a duba shine Canna Provisions Inc. v. Garland, karar da kamfanonin tabar wiwi Massachusetts suka gabatar suna kalubalantar haramcin da gwamnatin tarayya ta yi kan tabar wiwi na jihar. Wannan shari’ar ta nuna cewa hukuncin da Kotun Koli ta yanke a shekara ta 2005 a Gonzalez v. Raich, wanda ya yi watsi da shari’ar farko da ke kalubalantar CSA, ya kamata a sake nazari.
Wani alkalin tarayya a Massachusetts ya yi watsi da karar a bazarar da ta gabata, bayan haka masu gabatar da kara sun daukaka kara zuwa zagaye na farko. Alkalan ukun da suka ji mahawara ta baka a watan Disamba 2024 sun bayyana suna son bin dokokin cannabis na tarayya. Ana sa ran hukuncin kotun farko a shekarar 2025, kuma a karshe shari’ar na iya zuwa gaban kotun koli.
Source: Reuters.com
