Hemp kongiri: kubva pamabriji eRoma kune zvingangoita zvinhu zvemangwana

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Hemp kongiri: kubva pamabriji eRoma kune zvingangoita zvinhu zvemangwana

Nhoroondo yeCannabis sativa kutenderera nyika yakapoteredzwa nekusarura kwakawanda uye kupokana. Hemp inofungidzirwa kuti ndiyo imwe yezvirimwa zvekutanga kudyarwa nevanhu.

Vanochera matongo vakawana zvisaririra zvemachira ehemp kubva kuMesopotamia yekare (yava Iran neIraq) iyo yakadzokera kumashure kuna 8000 BC [1]. Kune mamwe marekodhi akafanana muChina anonyora kudyiwa kwembeu yehemp nemafuta, kubva 6 kusvika 4 zviuru BC. Pakusvika muEurope yainyanyo shandiswa kugadzira tambo dzechikepe nemachira: kunyangwe maseiri netambo dzengarava dzaChristopher Columbus dzakagadzirwa neichi chinhu. Saizvozvo, mabhuku ekutanga mushure mekugadzirwa kwaGutenberg muchina wekudhinda uye mifananidzo yakawanda yaRembrandt naVan Gogh akagadzirwa kubva hemp.

Iko kushandiswa kwehemp pakuvaka kwevashandi zvakare hakuzi chinhu chitsva. Hemp dope yakawanikwa pamusoro pembiru dzemabhiriji dzakavakwa nevaMerovingians muzana rechitanhatu, mune inova kunzi France. Zvinozivikanwa zvakare kuti vaRoma vaishandisa hemp fibers kusimbisa dhaka muzvivakwa zvavo. Nhasi, ipo paine zvipingamupinyi zviri pamutemo munyika dzakawanda, kushandiswa kwehemp sechinhu chekuvaka kwakaburitsa mhedzisiro inokurudzira, nekutsvaga kunoratidza kwayo kwakasimba uye kwakasimba nzvimbo. Hemp inogona kuumbwa mumapurasitiki etsiva, zvivharo, mashitsi uye kunyange matombo.

Izvo zvinoshanda zvakasiyana zve hemp

Izvo zvakakosha kuti utange nekunongedza kuti kunyangwe hemp nembanje zviri zvemhando imwechete (Cannabis sativa), iwo akazvimirira ega ane hunhu hwakasiyana. Marijuana ine zvikamu zvepamusoro - kusvika makumi maviri muzana - zveTHC (tetrahydrocannabinol), iyo huru psychoactive compound mumbanje uye inowanikwa zvakanyanya muruva rechirimwa. Industrial hemp, zvakare, inorimwa mbeu dzayo, fiber uye dzinde uye ine inenge 20% THC, iyo isina kukwana kukanganisa chero munhu.

Hemp inoda mvura shoma kuti ikure uye nokudaro inoda isingadirwi yekudiridza uye inokura kanosvika makumi mashanu nekukurumidza kupfuura muti. Mushure mekukohwa uye kuchekwa, zvidyarwa zvinoomeswa kwemazuva mashoma zvisati zvaiswa muboka uye zvichidururwa mumidziyo yemvura, zvoita kuti tsinde dzipinde.

Mushure mekuomesa, tambo dzinogona kushandiswa, pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, kugadzirwa kwemapepa, machira, tambo, kurongedzwa nemafuta, biofuels uye zvekuvakisa. Mune ino yekupedzisira kesi, izvo zvinhu zvinogona kushandiswa seye thermo-acoustic insulator, segirazi mvere kana dombo, kana semp yekongiri, inowanzo kunzi "hempcrete".

Kugadzira hemp kongiri, kongiri musanganiswa, hemp, hupfu hwamabwe uye mvura inosanganiswa kuwana paste yakasimba. Nekuda kwekushanduka kwemakemikari pakati pezvikamu, musanganiswa unova unochengetedzwa uye unovhenekera, asi inodzivirira zvakanyanya. Kugadzira madziro, musanganiswa unogona kurongwa semabhuru, kudhonza kana kudururwa mumitsara, uchishandisa nzira dzakafanana nekuvakwa kwemasvingo emadhaka.

Kuwedzera kwakanaka kwezvinhu zvehemp kongiri

Iko kuvandudzwa kweiyo hemp kongiri seyokuvaka zvinhu kunorara mukushanda kwayo seyakawanda basa rezvinhu. Iyo inogona zvachose kutsiva mineral yakaunganidzwa mune yakajairika kongiri, uye kare yaive yakawedzerwa kukongiri nematope kudzivirira kubvisa muplasta kana zvidhina zvevhu. Mushure mekurapa, inochengetedza huwandu hwakakura hwemhepo, ine huwandu hwakaenzana ne15% yekongiri yekare, ichiita kuti ive yakanakisa yekushisa uye acoustic insulator.

Chinhu chinonakidza chechinyorwa ndechekuti zvese zvakanaka zvinodziya zvekupisa uye zvine yakakwira yekushisa inertia. Ndokunge, hemp kongiri, neyakajeka uye porous, inogona kukurumidza kuchengetedza simba uye kuiburitsa zvishoma nezvishoma, ichiita kuti inoshanda kune mamiriro ekunze nekudziya kukuru kwekushisa pakati pemasikati nousiku.

Iyo zvakare ine yakanaka moto kuramba, haina-yekuvadza uye yakasikwa inodzivirira ku fungus uye zvipembenene. Muchokwadi, pane zvidzidzo zvinoratidza kuti hemp kongiri ndeye kabhoni yakashata zvinhu, izvo, kunze kwekudzima kabhoni yakagadziriswa panguva yekugadzira, chaizvo inochengetedza yakawedzera kabhoni mune iyo zvinhu pachayo.

Kuti uwane izvi zve thermo-acoustic zvivakwa, izvo zvinhu zvinofanirwa "kufema" - ndiko kuti, kubatana pamwe nezvose zviri mukati nekunze nharaunda, zvichibvumira hemp kuti ipinze, iparadzire hutsi hwemvura (hunyoro) uye kunyevenutsa kushanduka kwekushisa. Hemp kongiri madziro anogona kutogashira kupfeka sekureba sekubvumidza uku kuchinjana.

Zvakare zvinokanganisa kana uchishandisa hemp kongiri

Nekudaro, iko mashandiro ekuita kwehekmp kongiri iri nechepazasi peiyo yekare kongiri kana yesimbi. Iyo ine simba inodzvinyirira ye2 MPa apo isingapfuure huwandu hwe1000 kg / m2, iyo yakafanana neye adobe (loam) zvidhinha. Inoshanda zvirinani kuita seruzhowa pane yekuzvitsigira madziro. Zvimwe zvakashata zvichienzaniswa neyakajairika masonry inguva yekurapa, inogona kuderedzwa nekushandisa zvidhina. Zvakare, inoramba iri chigadzirwa chinodhura chine ruzivo parizvino uye ruzivo rwakawanikwa rwekushandisa zvinobudirira nehunyanzvi uhu.

Mitemo uye ramangwana rehemp kongiri

Ichokwadi kuti chokwadi chiri kuchinja zvishoma, kushaikwa kwehunyanzvi hwekuita zvehunyanzvi pazvinhu izvi kuri pamutemo. Nhoroondo inoratidza kuti iyo hondo ye cannabis, inopfuura yakasimbiswa nesainzi, yaikurudzirwa nemarudzi, ehupfumi, ezvematongerwo enyika uye ehutsika.

Mukuwedzera, iyochete kurambidzwa kweiyo mushonga inowanzoshanda kune zvidyarwa zvaisazoshandiswa mukuzorora. Zvishoma nezvishoma, nyika dzepasi rese dzakadzokorodza izvi kurambidzwa, nedzimwe nyika dzichibvumidza kurimwa kwepamutemo kwezvirimwa zve cannabis kurapwa uye nekushandisa zvekare. China parizvino ndiyo huru inogadzira pasi rose hemp, ichikura kudarika 70% yehuwandu hwepasirese. Nekudaro, dzimwe nyika dzinokoshawo mukugadzirwa kwepasi rose hemp.

Kutsvagisa, kuyedza uye kuyedza kwakakosha kuti chinhu ichi chinovimbisa chive chakakurumbira uye chakachipa pakushandisa vakawanda mukuvaka. Zvichida chimwe chezvirimwa zvekare kwazvo chakarimwa nevanhu chingave chinhu chinogadzikana uye chinoshanda zvekuvaka zvemangwana.

Source dzinosanganisira ArchDaily (EN, VentsMagazine (EN)

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