Isilinganiso sokuhweba ngezidakamizwa ngokungemthetho e-UK sikhulu kakhulu. Ngonyaka odlule, ingxenye yokuqala yocwaningo oluzimele lokuhweba ngezidakamizwa yathola ukuthi imakethe yase-UK ibiza imali elinganiselwa ku- £ 9,4 billion ngonyaka - ngomonakalo wezempilo, owenhlalo kanye nowobugebengu le mboni eyenzela umphakathi ngemali elinganiselwa ku- £ 19. billion ngonyaka.
Lolu cwaningo lwenziwe nguDame Carol Black, ongudokotela nomcwaningi owayekade enguMqondisi kuhulumeni kazwelonke wezempilo nomsebenzi. Umbiko wayo wokuqala uveze ukuthi ngo-2020, cishe abantu abayizigidi ezintathu bazobe sebephula umthetho izidakamizwa esetshenziswa eNgilandi naseWales. Lezi zinombolo ziyamangaza, ikakhulukazi uma ucabanga ukuthi ukufa okuhlobene nezidakamizwa eNgilandi naseWales sekukhuphukile kwaqopha amazinga kule minyaka eyisishiyagalombili edlule.
Ingxenye yesibili yokubuyekeza, esanda kushicilelwa, yenza izincomo zokuthi uhulumeni angabhekana kanjani nezinkinga zezidakamizwa zase-UK. Abamnyama benza izincomo ezingama-32 sezizonke, ezihlanganisa zonke izici zenqubomgomo yezidakamizwa, ekuvimbeleni izinkinga zezidakamizwa kuya ekuhloleni ukusebenza kwezindlela zokwelapha.
Izincomo uNgqongqoshe uGrapperhaus nabanye ongqongqoshe bezobulungiswa nezokuphepha base-Europe abangazisebenzisa ukubhekisisa le mpi eyimpikiswano futhi exoxwa kakhulu ngezidakamizwa.
Ezinye zezincomo ezisemqoka yilezi:
- Ukwaziswa okungalungile kuyingozi. Amaqiniso nobungoti kubalulekile.
- Ukusungula "uphiko lwezidakamizwa" oluzoletha ubuholi kanye nomthwalo wenqubomgomo yezidakamizwa, ukuvimbela nokwelashwa emnyangweni owodwa kahulumeni.
- Ukuhlinzeka ngemali yabeluleki boontanga ezikhungweni zemisebenzi ukukhuthaza imilutha yezidakamizwa ukuthi ithole ukwesekwa kokuqashwa.
- Ukwakha isikhwama sokuphenya ukuthi iziphi izinyathelo ezisebenza kahle ukuguqula indlela yokuziphatha yabasebenzisi bezidakamizwa zokuzijabulisa.
- Ukunikezela ngeziphathimandla zendawo ngezinsizakalo zezidakamizwa ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izinsizakusebenza zinikezwa labo abazidingayo.
Ungakuphathi ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa njengezinkinga zobugebengu
Uma kubhekwa ubukhulu bokuhweba ngezidakamizwa e-UK kanye nenani labantu abasebenzisa izidakamizwa ezingekho emthethweni, kuyacaca ukuthi kunesidingo sokutshalwa kwemali nokuguqulwa. Kepha ukuze lezi zinguquko zenzeke, enye yezincomo ezinkulu zabaMnyama ukuyeka ukuphatha inkinga yezidakamizwa njengomsebenzi wobugebengu.
Esikhundleni salokho, ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa okuyinkinga kufanele kusondele ngendlela efanayo nezinye izinkinga zempilo ezingamahlalakhona, njengesifo sikashukela noma umdlavuza. Ukwelapha ukuluthwa yizidakamizwa njengezinye izinkinga zempilo kungasho ukusiza iziguli ukuthi zithole usizo kochwepheshe bezempilo abaqeqeshiwe - njengabahlengikazi, osonhlalakahle, nodokotela bengqondo - kunabasebenzi kanye namavolontiya angaqeqeshiwe kwesinye isikhathi.
Kodwa ukuphatha izinkinga zezidakamizwa bekungeyona into ebaluleke kakhulu kuhulumeni wase-UK iminyaka - ukusetshenziswa kwemali nezabelomali emisebenzini nasekwelashweni kuncishiswe kakhulu. Lokhu akusizwanga iqiniso lokuthi abaningi basabheka ukuluthwa yizidakamizwa njengokuzikhethela. Kepha lokhu akulona iqiniso ngaso sonke isikhathi, ngoba amava amaningi ahlukene - njengokuhlukumezeka - angaholela ekutheni umuntu abe nezinkinga ngezidakamizwa. Lokhu kukhombisa ukuthi izinkinga zezidakamizwa ezimweni eziningi zihlangene nezinkinga zempilo nezengqondo.
Ucwaningo lukhombisa ukuthi ukucwaswa kokusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa njengodaba lobugebengu - hhayi udaba lwezempilo - kungavimba abantu ekufuneni ukwelashwa. Kwezinye izimo, lokhu kubambezeleka kungaba yingozi, njengoba ukwelashwa kuyindlela ephumelelayo yokunciphisa ukufa okuhlobene nezidakamizwa. Ukwelashwa ngesikhathi esifanele kunganciphisa nokusabalala kwezifo ezifana ne-HIV kanye ne-hepatitis ngokunikeza izinaliti eziyinyumba kanye nemijovo kulabo abajova izidakamizwa.
Imali encane yocwaningo lwezidakamizwa
Ukubuka ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa njengodaba lobugebengu kusho nokuthi imali encane itshalwe ocwaningweni ekubhekeni ukwelashwa okusebenzayo kwalezi zinkinga. Ngokwesiko, kutshaliwe izimali ocwaningweni ngesixhumanisi esiphakathi kwezidakamizwa nobugebengu. Ukutshala imali ocwaningweni oluhlola izici zezempilo zokusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa eziyinkinga kungaholela emiphumeleni emihle, njengokuthola ukungenelela okuhlosiwe okunganciphisa ukulimala.
Ukuphawula ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa njengenkinga yobugebengu kukhululile nemali yezindlela zokwelashwa eziqondiswe ekwehliseni isenzo sobugebengu esihlobene nokulutha kwezidakamizwa. Ngakho-ke, izinsizakalo eziningi zokwelashwa ziye zagxila kakhulu ku-opiate ', njengoba zisekela labo abanezinkinga ezihlobene ne-heroin ezihlobene nobugebengu. Lokhu kuphinde kwaqhutshwa izinqubomgomo kanye nokugxila kwizinsizakusebenza ezihlose ukunciphisa ubugebengu, kepha azibonisi uhla lwezinkinga zezidakamizwa abantu abakhona nazo.
Kepha ngokwanda kokusetshenziswa kwezinye izidakamizwa - kufaka phakathi i-cocaine ne-cannabis - inani elikhulayo labantu libhalisela izinsizakalo ezinezinkinga ezingezona i-heroin. Ngokutshala cishe kuphela ukuxhaswa nokwelashwa kwabantu abanezinkinga ze-opiate, abantu abanezinkinga nezinye izidakamizwa bangahle bangalutholi usizo abaludingayo. Ukutshala imali ocwaningweni ukwakha ukwelashwa okusekelwe ebufakazini kuzo zonke izinkinga zezidakamizwa kuyaphuthuma.
Impi yezidakamizwa uma kuqhathaniswa nempilo yomphakathi
Mhlawumbe isidingo esicindezela kakhulu sokuhambisa inqubomgomo yezidakamizwa ezinsizakalweni zezempilo yinombolo erekhodiwe yokufa okuhlobene nezidakamizwa. Ukwenza ngcono ukutholakala kanye nekhwalithi yokwelashwa akusizi kuphela ukugcina abantu abaningi belashwa, futhi kunciphisa namathuba okubuyela emuva futhi ekugcineni kunciphise ukufa okuhlobene nezidakamizwa. Kepha kuze kube manje, abenzi bezinqubomgomo basishaye indiva lesi seluleko ngokunciphisa ukufa okuvikelekayo. Ukuhlinzeka ngezinsizakalo kubantu abangaphandle kokwelashwa - njengokufinyelela ezindlini nasekuqashweni - nakho kungasiza abantu ukuthi baphule umjikelezo wokusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa okuyinkinga.
Akusikho nje ukuqondana kwezinto ukuthi selokhu kwafakwa imishanguzo eminyakeni eyishumi eyedlule, ukufa kwezidakamizwa sekuqale ukukhuphuka futhi kwashaya umlando omusha. Uma isimo sengqondo ngezinkinga zezidakamizwa sishintsha futhi kufakwa imali eningi ekwakheni izindlela zokwelashwa ezisebenza kangcono, abantu abaningi bangakwazi ukululama ngempumelelo.
Funda kabanzi ku theconversation.com (Umthombo, EN)
